Category: Women
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7.6 Million Fewer Births and Still Counting In this data snapshot, author Kenneth Johnson reports that new data for 2020 show a 3.8 percent decline in births since 2019 and the fewest since 1979. There were 16.5 percent fewer births last year than in 2007, just before the Great Recession began to influence births.
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Demography | Birth Rates, Demography, Fertility, Women | Publication |
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Civil Protective Orders Effective in Stopping or Reducing Partner Violence Civil protective orders are a low cost, effective solution in either stopping or significantly reducing partner violence for women. While all women benefit from civil protective orders, this brief finds there are greater obstacles to enforcement in rural places, which result in less benefit for rural than urban women. The authors suggest that policies and services should be tailored to address community-specific barriers and differences such as hours of access, time it takes to obtain or serve an order, and access to information about the process.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Health, Rural, Urban, Women | Publication |
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Employment Rates Higher Among Rural Mothers Than Urban Mothers As men's jobs in traditional rural industries, such as agriculture, natural resource extraction, and manufacturing disappear due to restructuring of rural labor markets, the survival of the family increasingly depends on women's waged labor. Rural mothers with children under age 6 have higher employment rates than their urban counterparts but have higher poverty rates, lower wages, and lower family income, placing rural mothers and their children in a more economically vulnerable situation than urban mothers.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Child Care, Employment, Family, Rural, Urban, Women | Publication |
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Family-Friendly Policies for Rural Working Mothers For working parents, family friendly work policies like paid sick days, flexible time, or medical insurance can reduce work-family conflict and lead to less absenteeism and higher productivity. Working parents in rural America, however, have less access to these policies than their urban counterparts.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Family, Rural, Urban, Women | Publication |
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Half of Women in New Hampshire Have Experienced Sexual Harassment at Work Sexual harassment in the workplace is a serious problem affecting workers across the United States and in New Hampshire. Nationwide, approximately four in ten women and more than one in ten men have been victims of workplace sexual harassment in their lifetimes.
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New Hampshire, Vulnerable Families Research Program | Demography, Employment, Gender, New Hampshire, Women | Publication |
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Increased Reliance on Wives as Breadwinners during the First Year of the Recession Among low-income families, the wages of employed wives account for the majority of family earnings, according to this Carsey brief. The analysis finds that in 2008, women contributed 56 percent of total family earnings, up from 51 percent in 2007. Also, husbands' education level and race are factors in how much wives contribute to family earnings.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Family, Gender, Wages, Women | Publication |
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Kidogo: Addressing the Childcare Needs of Low-Income Families in East Africa To unlock the potential of this region’s millions of children, Kidogo, an innovative East African social enterprise, is harnessing the power of social sector franchising. Kidogo partners with women running informal daycares in Kenya’s urban slums to better the condition and profitability of their micro-businesses. By working with local women entrepreneurs, “Mamapreneurs,” and drastically improving the quality of Kenya’s early childhood care and education, Kidogo is altering the course of low-income families to help stop the generational cycle of poverty.
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Changemaker Collaborative | Child Care, Children, Education, Income, Low Income, Poverty, Women | Publication |
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Low Wages Prevalent In Direct Care and Child Care Workforce The large-scale movement of women into the paid labor market has brought sweeping change into family life and also in who cares for the elderly and children. This brief studies workers in two low wage, predominantly female care-giving occupations plagued with high turnover direct care workers and child care workers. It provides a better understanding of how they fare when compared with other female workers and discusses factors that contribute to their continued employment.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Child Care, Employment, Women | Publication |
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More U.S. Women of Childbearing Age, but Fewer Have Given Birth In this brief, Senior Demographer Kenneth Johnson reports that, in 2022, there were 4.7 million more childless women of prime child-bearing age in the United States than would have been expected given fertility patterns prior to the Great Recession, up from 2.1 million in 2016.
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Demography | Birth Rates, Demography, Family, Fertility, Women | Publication |
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The Inequities of Job Loss and Recovery Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic In this policy brief, authors Rogelio Sáenz and Corey Sparks discuss the wide variations in unemployment and the level of job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic across the nation’s demographic groups that have historically suffered disparities in the workforce, including persons of color, women, and immigrants. It is particularly unfortunate that the calamity of the pandemic comes on the heels of major improvements in job prospects that these groups made over the last decade, as the workforce emerged from the Great Recession.
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COVID-19 | African Americans, COVID-19, Employment, Hispanics, Income, Inequality, Race, Unemployment, Women | Publication |
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U.S. Births Remain Near 40-Year Low for Third Consecutive Year In this data snapshot, Senior Demographer Kenneth Johnson reports that recent National Center for Health Statistics birth data indicate there were only 3,661,000 births in 2022, compared to 3,664,000 in 2021, and just 3,614,000 in 2020. These three birth cohorts are the smallest in 40 years and continue a birth decline that began in the era of the Great Recession.
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Demography | Birth Rates, COVID-19, Fertility, Women | Publication |
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U.S. Fertility Rates and Births Continue to Diminish National Center for Health Statistics data for 2019 show the lowest fertility rates on record and just 3,746,000 births—the fewest since 1985.
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COVID-19, Demography | Birth Rates, COVID-19, Demography, Fertility, Women | Publication |
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Unemployment Insurance: A Safety Net for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence and Their Children The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that over 5 million intimate partner assaults are perpetrated against women each year, and they lose more than 8 million days of work annually. Expanding Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits to victims of domestic violence is one mechanism for supporting women as they seek to escape the violence in their lives.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Health, Safety Net, Unemployment, Women | Publication |
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Wives as Breadwinners: Wives' Share of Family Earnings Hits Historic High during the Second Year of the Great Recession In the second year of the recession, wives' contributions to family earnings leapt again, jumping two percentage points from 45 percent in 2008 to 47 percent in 2009. This rise marks the largest single-year increase in 15 years. This is not due to an increase in their earnings but rather to a decrease in husband’s employment, as the economy disproportionately shed male-dominated jobs during the recession.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Family, Gender, Wages, Women | Publication |
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Working Hard for the Money Trends in Women's Employment 1970 to 2007 Seventy-three percent of married rural mothers with children under age 6 work for pay. As men's employment rates have dropped over the past four decades, more rural women are working to keep the lights on at home. Rural women are just as likely as their urban counterparts to work for pay, but they earn less, have fewer occupational choices, and have seen their family income decline as men's wages have not kept pace with inflation. Dr. Smith's report looks at over 30 years of data about women's employment.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Family, Rural, Wages, Women | Publication |