Category: Rural
Resource | Category | Topic | Type |
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Rural Workers More Likely to Work Nontraditional Shifts Workers in rural areas have historically worked at different times of the day compared to their counterparts in urban areas, including during less traditional work periods, such as in the early morning, afternoon, and evening hours. This brief presents a snapshot of the rural workforce around the clock.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Rural, Urban | Publication |
Rural Workers Would Benefit from Unemployment Insurance Modernization Rural workers stand to benefit from the modernization of unemployment insurance (UI) to cover part-time workers, which is an opportunity for states under the American Reinvestment and Recovery Plan (ARRA). Rural workers are more likely to work part-time, and many states that do not provide UI benefits to part-time workers have higher than average proportions of rural residents.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Rural, Safety Net, Unemployment | Publication |
Rural Workers Would Benefit More Than Urban Workers from an Increase in the Federal Minimum Wage While members of the U.S. Senate considered the first increase in minimum wage in a decade, the Carsey Institute released findings of a study showing that it would benefit rural, low-wage workers every bit as much, if not more, than workers in big cities.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Rural, Urban, Wages | Publication |
Rural Youth are More Likely to be Idle Rural young adults, ages 18-24, are more likely to be idle not in school, the labor force, or the Armed Forces than their urban counterparts. Among rural high school dropouts and racial-ethnic minorities, rates of idleness are even more pronounced.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Education, Rural, Young Adults | Publication |
Seventy-eight Percent of Working Rural Families to Receive Full Making Work Pay Tax Credit The Making Work Pay Tax Credit provides eligible U.S. workers with additional money in each paycheck throughout the year. The fact sheet shows that 78 percent of rural working families will receive the full amount of the credit, while an additional 10 percent of families will receive a partial credit due to low earnings or high earnings. These tax credits, along with the expansion to the Child Tax Credit, are an important financial boost to families in rural America, particularly low-income working families.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Family, Rural, Safety Net, Tax | Publication |
Students in Rural Schools Have Limited Access to Advanced Mathematics Courses This Carsey brief reveals that students in rural areas and small towns have less access to higher-level mathematics courses than students in urban settings, which results in serious educational consequences, including lower scores on assessment tests and fewer qualified students entering science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) job pipelines.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Children, Education, Rural, Young Adults | Publication |
Subprime and Predatory Lending in Rural America: Mortgage lending practices that can trap low-income rural people This brief examines predatory mortgage loans and the harmful impact they have on rural homeowners and their communities. The report finds that minorities and low-income people are more likely to fall victim to higher-cost loans. The brief includes recommendations for policy changes at the state and federal levels, as well as advice on identifying and avoiding predatory loans.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Family, Low Income, Rural | Publication |
Substance Abuse in Rural and Small Town America Alcohol abuse exceeds illicit drug abuse in rural America and is a serious problem among rural youth, as highlighted here. The report also confirms that the abuse of stimulants, including methamphetamine, is high among certain rural populations, particularly among the rural unemployed.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Drugs, Rural, Substance Abuse, Urban, Young Adults | Publication |
TANF in Rural America: Informing Re-authorization In 1996 welfare reform ushered in a new era in which cash assistance for poor parents became both temporary and conditional on activities to promote economic independence through work. Cash assistance from TANF relieves, but does not eliminate, poverty because benefit levels are far too low to lift families above the poverty threshold. These ameliorative effects are weaker in rural than urban areas. Over time, the positive impacts of TANF receipt have continued to decline. The authors assert that the necessity of re-authorizing TANF gives us an opportunity to reflect on its strengths and limitations. TANF is an important component of poor families' budgets. However, in its current form, it is insufficient; strengthening TANF would help alleviate some material hardship in the lives of America's neediest citizens. In order to adapt TANF to better support struggling families in a modern economy, the authors suggest that the TANF reauthorization keep America's rural poor in mind, acknowledge differences in ameliorative effects, re-establish the TANF Emergency Fund, reinvigorate the Contingency Fund, and reconsider TANF Supplemental Grants.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Family, Poverty, Rural, Safety Net | Publication |
The Long-Term Unemployed in the Wake of the Great Recession Using the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey, this brief outlines the demographic and economic characteristics of the long-term unemployed and compares them with their short-term unemployed counterparts. It also describes changes in the composition of the long-term unemployed since the start of the Great Recession.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Health Insurance, Rural, Unemployment, Urban | Publication |
The Opioid Crisis in Rural and Small Town America Over the last two decades, opioid overdose deaths have increased over 400 percent, reaching 45,838 in 2016. Although the crisis is not disproportionately worse in rural than in urban America, opioid mortality rates have grown faster in rural areas, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. Rural areas also face unique challenges in dealing with the crisis, including a smaller health care infrastructure than is available in more densely populated areas, community and family factors, and labor market stressors.
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Demography | Drugs, Rural, Substance Abuse, Urban | Publication |
The Unequal Distribution of Child Poverty: Highest Rates among Young Blacks and Children of Single Mothers in Rural America Measuring by race, place, and family, this brief highlights poverty rates for two rural groups--young black children and children of single mothers--who each face rates around 50%.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Children, Poverty, Rural | Publication |
Three in Ten Rural and Urban Medicaid Recipients Affected by Potential Work Requirements The Affordable Care Act in 2010 gave states the option to expand Medicaid access to adults with incomes up to 138 percent of the federal poverty level. Thus more able-bodied and working adults have become eligible for Medicaid. In addition, several states have petitioned the federal government to have the option to enforce work requirements for those receiving Medicaid in their state.1 Specific waiver requests vary by state, but could have broad implications for Medicaid recipients across the nation, and typically include a requirement of able-bodied, adult Medicaid recipients to complete a certain number of hours spent working, or in some kind of other approved activity, like job training or looking for work. Children under age 19, pregnant or recently postpartum women, people with disabilities, and sole caretakers of young children are typically excluded from these proposed work requirements.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Poverty, Rural, Safety Net, Urban | Publication |
U.S. Rural Soldiers Account for a Disproportionately High Share of Casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan A study by the Carsey Institute found that among U.S. soldiers serving in Iraq and Afghanistan, those who are from rural America are dying at a higher rate than those soldiers who are from cities and suburbs. According to U.S. Department of Defense records, rural youth enlist in the military at a higher rate than urban and suburban youth and in all but eight states, soldiers from rural areas make up a disproportionately high share of the casualties.
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Demography, Vulnerable Families Research Program | Mortality, Rural, Young Adults | Publication |
Underemployment in Urban and Rural America, 2005-2012 Author Justin Young reports that underemployment (or involuntary part-time work) rates doubled during the second year of the recession, reaching roughly 6.5 percent in 2009. This increase was equally steep in both rural and urban places. By March of 2012, underemployment was slightly lower in rural places (4.8 percent) compared to urban places (5.3 percent).
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Income, Rural, Urban | Publication |
Understanding Child Abuse in Rural and Urban America: Risk Factors and Maltreatment Substantiation Using a large national sample of child maltreatment reports, this brief compares the outcomes of child maltreatment cases in rural versus urban places and identifies the characteristics associated with substantiation. Child abuse cases substantiated in rural and urban areas share many caregiver risk factors, such as drug and alcohol abuse, and many family stressors.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Children, Health, Rural, Urban | Publication |
Urban and Rural Children Experience Similar Rates of Low-Income and Poverty Data in this brief shows that the percentages of children living in low-income areas and poverty over the past fifteen years in rural and urban America are converging.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Children, Low Income, Poverty, Rural, Urban | Publication |
Values and Religion in Rural America: Attitudes Toward Abortion and Same-Sex Relations The rural vote is critical, but how do rural voters' views on issues such as abortion, same-sex marriage, and religion influence elections? This brief compares rural and urban views on these divisive issues and examines how much rural opinions vary within rural regions of the country.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Politics and Elections, Religion, Rural | Publication |
Voting and Attitudes Along the Red Rural–Blue Urban Continuum Political commentary often divides the nation into two partisan zones, urban and rural, but new analysis demonstrates that the rural–urban gradient is a continuum, not a dichotomy. In this study of the 2018 congressional midterms, authors Kenneth Johnson and Dante Scala confirm their earlier analysis of the 2016 presidential election and demonstrate how voting patterns and political attitudes vary across the spectrum of urban and rural areas.
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Demography | Demography, Politics and Elections, Rural, Urban | Publication |
Working Hard for the Money Trends in Women's Employment 1970 to 2007 Seventy-three percent of married rural mothers with children under age 6 work for pay. As men's employment rates have dropped over the past four decades, more rural women are working to keep the lights on at home. Rural women are just as likely as their urban counterparts to work for pay, but they earn less, have fewer occupational choices, and have seen their family income decline as men's wages have not kept pace with inflation. Dr. Smith's report looks at over 30 years of data about women's employment.
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Vulnerable Families Research Program | Employment, Family, Rural, Wages, Women | Publication |